Type Rating Explained: Sim Sessions, VMC Demo, A320 Vacancies
By Capt.Neha, Nilay, Winged Engineer
Capt. Neha fresh from IRPPC (recurrent proficiency check every 6-12mo) demystifies type rating for CPL holders eyeing airlines. IRPPC drills emergencies (windshear, engine fail, depressurization memory items—Airbus 9 vs Boeing 18) to kill real-flight startle, accepting minor human errors if safe. Type rating preps specific aircraft (>5700kg MTOW like A320 needs FO endorsement on Indian CPL; foreign CPLs can't direct-endorsed yet). Flow: 3-4wk ground school (systems knowledge, exam) → Airbus Procedure Trainer (APT, fixed-base: 9x4hr sessions for flows, normal ops, engine fails) → Level D full-motion sim (9x4hr + 3 checks=48hrs; hydraulics mimic 95% cockpit). VMC demo w/ model: Engine #1 fail creates asymmetric yaw (jets numbered outermost=1); VMC=min speed for rudder to counter (highest demand climb post-T/O due pitch/P-factor); scan EICAS thrust drop, pitch down to hold speed. Airline twist: Base type teaches manufacturer SOPs (conservative airline variants need bridge course, ₹10-15L extra). Costs ₹10-30L (cheaper TRTOs skip fixed-base=less reps); non-type CPL airline hires train direct (cheaper long-term). Prep hectic: daily chair-flying (PF/PM SOPs, flows) w/ sim partner (synergistic, no blame); 1.5-2mo ideal (2 sim days + review/off to absorb). Manuals massive: FCOM (procedures/limits/performance), FCTM (techniques), QRH (no-ECAM abnormals)—autoflight alone 1000pgs. Cadets' path: FAA CPL → Canada RTR/Air Law (skip India exam) → DGCA CPL/conversion → type. A320 vacancies mass (widebody moves/retirements); grind now amid recovery.
Conclusion
Type rating bridges CPL to airline revenue ops: non-negotiable for >5700kg jets (A320/B737), but traps abound—cheaper TRTOs (₹10L) mean rushed reps/bridge costs (₹25-30L total); airline-direct non-type hires smarter for SOP alignment. IRPPC underscores lifelong sim grind (emergencies prepped, errors learned), VMC mastery critical (asymmetric yaw kills if mishandled post-T/O). Prep demands discipline: chair-fly SOPs/manuals daily, sim-partner synergy (collective safety), spaced schedule beats compression (info overload). 2026 India aviation booms (₹1.6-1.8T sector, 180-190M domestic pax, 850+ aircraft, 106 deliveries), fueling A320 slots amid widebody shifts/retirements—yet turbulence looms (0-3% FY26 growth stall, ₹17-18k Cr losses, IndiGo disruptions, P&W groundings). FAA/Canada RTR→DGCA path viable for abroad trainees (skip July Chennai exam). Traits win: SOP muscle memory > glamour; airlines prioritize airline-trained (no bridge waste). Current mass vacancies signal peak—prepared CPLs (Indian license, ATPL papers, sim-ready) grab edges; non-type now, type later via employer. Persistence through manuals/sims unlocks widebody progression; aviation's sine wave rewards ready hustlers over speculators.
Instrument Rating Proficiency Check: sim recurrency drills emergencies (windshear, engine fail memory items) to eliminate real-flight startle effect; human errors acceptable if safe.
Indian CPL mandatory; >5700kg MTOW aircraft (A320/B737) need FO endorsement (ATPL for direct foreign conversion); no foreign CPL type endorsement yet.
3-4wk ground school (systems/exam) → 9 fixed-base APT sessions (flows/engine fail) → 9 full-motion Level D sims + 3 checks (48hrs total, 4hr PF/PM swaps).
Asymmetric yaw from #1 engine fail; VMC = minimum rudder-effective speed (highest demand in climb post-T/O); scan EICAS thrust drop, pitch down to hold.
₹10-30L (cheaper skips fixed-base=less practice); airline bridge adds ₹10-15L for SOPs; non-type CPL airline training direct/cheaper long-term.
Daily chair-fly flows/SOPs (PF/PM) w/ sim partner; study FCOM/FCTM/QRH; 2mo spaced schedule (2 sim days + review/off) ideal vs 1.5mo compression.