CNTAA - THE PILOT GROUND SCHOOL

Drag

1. Introduction to Stalling.

2. Causes of The Stall.

3. Stall Recovery.

4. Aicraft behaviour close to the Stall, use of flight controls close to the stall & Stall Recognition.

5. Stall Speed.

6. Stall Warning

7. Artificial Stall Warning Devices.

8. Introduction to Factors affecting Stall Speed.

9. 1 g Stall Speed

10. Wing Design Characteristics and the Effect of Aerofoil Section

11. The Effect of Wing PLan Form- A) The Rectangular Wing.

12. The Effect of Wing Plan Form- B) The Tapered Wing

13. The Effect of Wing Plan Form- C) The Sweepback Wing.

14. Super Stall (Deep Stall).

15. A) Effect of Weight Change on Stall Speed & Lift increase in a level turn

16. B) Effect of Load Factor on Stall Speed.

17. C) Effect of High Lift Devices on Stall Speed

18. D) Effect of CG position on Stall speed

19. E) Effect of Landing Gear on the Stall Speed.

20. F) Effect of Engine Power on Stall Speed.

21. G) Effect of Mach Number (Compressibility) on Stall Speed

22. H) Effect of Wing Contamination on Stall Speed

23. Spinning and Primary Causes of a spin.

24. Phases of a Spin.

25. Spin Recovery.

26. QnA Part-1 (Q1 to Q7).

27. QnA Part-2 (Q8 to Q15)

28. QnA Part-3 (Q16 to Q22)

29. QnA Part-4 (Q23 to Q30).

30. QnA Part-4 (Q31 to Q34).

31. QnA Part-4 (Q35 to Q37)

Stall - 1

Stall - 2

1. Why do we need High Lift Devices

2. Flaps-Slats- Secondary Flight Controls

3. Types of Trailing edge Flaps- Plain and Split flaps

4. Types of Flaps- Slotted and Fowler flaps

5. Comparison of Trailing edge flaps and CL-CD

6. Effect of Flaps on L-D Ratio

7. Effect of Flaps on Pitching Moment

8. CL max and Stalling angle

9. Leading edge high Lift devices- Leading edge Flaps

10. Leading edge High lift devices- Leading edge Slats-Slots

11. Automatic Slots and Drawbacks of the Slot

12. Disadvantages of Slats

13. Asymmetry of high lift devices

14. Aircraft Attitude with Flaps lowered

15. Sequence of Operation and Flap Load Relief system

16. Choice of Flap setting for Take-off, Climb and Landing

17. Management of High Lift Devices- Flap Retraction

18. Management of High Lift Devices- Flap Extension

19. Questions 1 to 6

20. Question 7 to 15

High Lift Devices

1. Introduction

2. Types of Stability and State of Equilibrium

3. Static Stability- Positive, Neutral and Negative

4. Airplane Reference Axes and Moments

5. Longitudinal Stability- Static Longitudinal Stability

6. Longitudinal Stability- Aerodynamic Centre

7. Longitudinal Stability- Wing alone is Unstable

8. Longitudinal Stability- Tailplane Moment

9. Longitudinal Stability- AFT CG Limit

10. Longitudinal Stability- FWD CG Limit

11. Longitudinal Stability- Neutral Point

12. Graphic presentation of Static Longitudinal Stability- 1

13. Graphic presentation of Static Longitudinal Stability- 2

14. Longitudinal Stability- Contribution of component surfaces

15. Longitudinal Stability- Effectiveness of Tailplane

16. Longitudinal Stability- Power-off Stability and Effect of CG

17. Longitudinal Stability- Effect of Power and High Lift Devices

18. Longitudinal Stability- Control Force stability

19. Longitudinal Stability- Effect of Trim Tab setting

20. Longitudinal Stability- Stick Force Stability- Instability

21. Longitudinal Stability- Manoeuver Stability

22. Longitudinal Stability- Stick force per ‘g’

23. Longitudinal Stability- Stick Centring Spring, Downspring, Bob Weight

24. Longitudinal Stability- Take off Control Requirement

25. Longitudinal Stability- Landing Control Requirement

26. Longitudinal Stability- Longitudinal Dynamic Stability- Non-Cyclic

27. Longitudinal Stability- Longitudinal Dynamic Stability- Cyclic

28. Longitudinal Stability- Long Period Oscillations- PHUGOID

29. Longitudinal Stability- Short Period Oscillations

30. Directional Stability- Weathercock Stability

31. Directional Stability- Sideslip and Static Directional Stability

32. Directional Stability- Contribution of the Airplane Components- Wing

33. Directional Stability- Contribution of the Airplane Components- Dorsal and Ventral Fin

34. Directional Stability- Contribution of the Airplane Components- FIN

35. Directional Stability- Factors affecting Static Directional Stability

36. Lateral Stability- Introduction

37. Lateral Stability- Static Lateral Stability

38. Lateral Stability- Contribution of Airplane Components- Wing and Geometric Dihedral

39. Lateral Stability- Contribution of Airplane Components-Wing Position

40. Lateral Stability- Contribution of Airplane Components- Sweepback, Fin and Flaps

41. Lateral Stability- Lateral Dynamic effects

42. Mach Trim

43. Question No. 1 to 14

44. Question No. 15 to 23

45. Question No. 24 to 31

Stability & Controllability (I)

Stability & Controllability (II)

1. What are the Flight Controls

2. How does a Pilot 👩🏻‍✈️👨🏻‍✈️ Control the aircraft? 🤔 - 1

3. How does a Pilot 👩🏻‍✈️👨🏻‍✈️ Control the aircraft? 🤔 - 2

4. Combined Control surfaces

5. Methods to Control the Aircraft- 1

6. Methods to Control the Aircraft- 2

7. Hinge moment

8. Control Balancing- 1

9. Control Balancing- 2

10. Control Balancing- 3

11. Hydraulic Powered Flying Controls

12. Q feel- Artificial Feel

13. Fly by Wire - Airbus

14. Mass Balance

15. Longitudinal Control- 1

16. Longitudinal Control- 2

17. Lateral Control- 1

18. Lateral Control- Aerodynamic Damping

19. Lateral Control- Adverse Aileron Yaw- 1

20. Lateral Control- Adverse Aileron Yaw- 2

21. Lateral Control- Adverse Aileron Yaw- 3

22. Lateral Control- Inboard Ailerons

23. Lateral Control- Flaprons

24. Lateral Control- Speed Brakes

25. Directional Control- 1

26. Directional Control- 2

27. Directional Control- Asymmetric Thrust

28. Directional Control- Rudder Ratio Changer

29. Secondary Effects of Controls

30. Trimming-2

31. Trimming - 2

32. Trimming- Methods of Trimming- 1

33. Trimming- Methods of Trimming- 2

34. Question No. 1 to 10

35. Question No. 11 to 16

36. Question No. 17 to 22

37. Question No. 23 to 32

38. Question No. 33 to 44

Flight Controls: 1

1. Introduction

2. Straight and Level flight

3. Steady Climb- 1

4. Steady Climb- 2

5. Climb angle and Factors affecting Climb angle

6. Descent- Power on Descent

7. Descent- Emergency Descent- 1

8. Descent- Emergency Descent- 2

9. Descent- Glide- 1

10. Descent- Glide- 2

11. Turning- 1

12. Turning- Radius and Rate of turn

13. Load Factor and Limitations on Turning

14. Flight with Asymmetric Thrust- 1

15. Flight with Asymmetric Thrust- 2

16. Critical Engine

17. Flight with Asymmetric Thrust- Balancing the Yawing moments

18. Air Minimum Control Speed- VMCA

19. VMCG and VMCL

20. Performance with one engine Inoperative- VXSE and VYSE

21. Question No. 1 to 6

22. Question No. 7 to 12

23. Questions 13 to 21

24. Questions 22 to 28

25. Questions 29 to 36

Flight Mechanics : 1

Flight Mechanics : 2

Flight Mechanics : 3

Zoom Session

High Speed Flight - 1

High Speed Flight - 2

Zoom Live Session

1. Introduction to Windshear

2. Microburst.

3. Windshear Encounter during Approach.

4. Indications and Actions to perform in case of Windshear.

5. Effects of Windshear.

6. QnA Part-1 (Q1 to Q10)

7. QnA Part-2 (Q11 to Q17)

1. Introduction to Propellers and Definitions

2. Blade Angle or Pitch Angle

3. Geometric Pitch and Propeller Slip

4. Helix Angle And Angle of Attack

5. Centrifugal and Aerodynamic Twisting Moment, Propeller Effiiciency and Variation due to Speed

6. Variable Pitch Propellers

7. Constant Speed Propeller (Part 1)

8. Constant Pitch Propeller (Part 2)

9. Windmilling and Feathering

10. Power Absorption and Solidity

11. Moments and Forces generated by a propeller and Torque Reaction

12. Spiral Slipstream and Assymmetric Blade Effect

13. Gyroscopic Effect

14. Effect of Atmospheric Conditions

15. QnA (Part 1).

16. QnA (Part 2)

Propeller

Principles of Flight Quiz - I

Principles of Flight Quiz - II

Principles of Flight Quiz - III

1. Introduction

2. The History of Gas turbine engine

3. Principle of Gas Turbine engines

4. Working Cycle of Gas Turbine Engine

5. P-V diagram of Working cycle of Gas Turbine engine- 1

6. Constant Pressure Combustion

7. Temperature limit of the engine

8. Gas Laws- Boyles Law, Charles Law and Combined Gas law

9. P-V-T changes along Jet core- 1

10. P-V-T changes along Jet core- 2

11. P-V-T changes along Jet core- 3

12. P-V-T changes along Jet core- 4

13. Duct Design

14. Airflow through a Pure Turbo Jet

15. Airflow through a Turbo-Prop engine

16. Airflow through a Turbo- Shaft engine

17. Airflow through a Low Ratio By-pass engine

18. N1- N2- Engine Nomenclature

19. Airflow through a High Ratio By-pass engine

20. Propulsive Efficiency and Modular Construction methods

21. Questions 1 to 11

22. Question 12 to 20

Introduction | Jet Engines

1. What’s Air Inlets

2. Ram Recovery Pressure

3. Supersonic Intakes- C & D intakes

4. Operational Considerations- Take off

5. Operational Considerations- Icing and Damage

6. Operational Considerations- FOD and In flight turbulence

7. Operational Considerations- Ground Operations

8. Types of Compressors

9. Centrifugal flow Compressor

10. Axial flow Compressor

11. What’s a Compressor stall and Surge- ????????

12. Airflow Control

13. Causes of Compressor Stall- 1

14. Causes of Compressor Stall- 2

15. Engine Surge

16. Methods to overcome Compressor Stall-Surge- 1

17. Methods to overcome Compressor Stall-Surge- 2

18. Compressor- Construction

19. Compressor- Construction- 2

20. Compressor and turbine contamination

21. Questions 1 to 7

22. Questions 8 to 16

23. Questions 17 to 27

24. Questions 28 to 38

25. Questions 39 to 50

Compressor (Air Inlets) | Jet Engines

1. Function of Combustion Chamber

2. Flame rate of Kerosene

3. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary air

4. Combustion chamber components- 1

5. Combustion chamber components- 2

6. Multiple Combustion chamber system

7. Tubo-Annular and Annular Combustion chamber system

8. Air - Fuel Mixture Ratio and Combustion stability

9. Relighting

10. Combustion efficiency and Fuel spray Nozzles

11. Questions 1 to 10

Combustion Chamber | Jet Engines

1. Purpose of Turbine assembly

2. What’s ‘Creep’ in a Turbine Blade-

3. What’s Turbine composed of- ????

4. Turbine Stages

5. Free Turbine- Power Turbine

6. Multi Spool engines

7. Blade shape- Impulse and Reaction type

8. Turbine Blade fixing- Fir Tree fixing???? and Turbine efficiency

9. Temperature Measurement

10. The Exhaust System

11. What’s a ‘Choked Nozzle’

12. By Pass Engines- Low and High Ratio bypass

13. Noise Suppression

14. Questions 1 to 12

15. Questions 13 to 20

Turbine & Exhaust System | Jet Engines

1. Engine Performance- Introduction

2. ESHP and SFC

3. Variation of Thrust with RPM

4. Variation of Thrust with Altitude

5. Variation of Thrust with Temperature and Aircraft Speed

6. Effect of Altitude, Aircraft speed on SHP

7. Thrust Augmentation- Water - Water-Methanol Injection

8. Thrust Augmentation- After Burners- Reheat

9. Why is Reverse Thrust used

10. Types of Reverse Thrust

11. Indication and Safety system

12. Question No. 1 to 5

13. Question No. 6 to 14

14. Question No. 15 to 24

Thrust, Performance Augmentation & Reverse Thrust

1. HEIU- High Energy Ignition Unit

2. Working of HEIU- 1

3. Working of HEIU- 2

4. Requirements of Engine Starting system

5. Air and Electric Starter Motor

6. Normal Start Cycle- 1

7. Normal Start Cycle- 2

8. Blowout Cycle-Motoring over cycle-Dry Cranking

9. Engine Relight

10. Hot Start, Wet start, Hung Start

11. Questions 1 to 11

12. Questions 12 to 23

Engine Starting & Ignition

1. Introduction.

2. Gas Turbine Fuels- Jet A1 (AVTUR) ATF.

3. Gas Turbine Fuels- Jet A andd Jet B (AVTAG) ATG.

4. Fuel Colour and Cloudy Fuel.

5. Jet Fuel Additives

6. Water in the Fuel.

7. Fuel System (Part-1).

8. Fuel Systems (Part-2).

9. Fuel System (Part-3

10. QnA.

Fuel & Fuel Systems

1. APU-Auxiliary power unit

2. APU Operation in Flight

3. APU Control and Operation

4. Bleed Air- Introduction

5. Effects of bleed air usage

6. Turbine Blade Cooling- 1

7. Turbine Blade cooling- 2

8. Questions No. 1 to 7

9. Question No. 8 to 14

APU & Bleed Air

1. Auxiliary Gearbox

2. Stub Shaft Drive

3. Idler Gear Drive

4. Spreading the Load and Shear Neck

5. Questions

Gearbox & Accessory Drive

Jet Engine - I

Jet Engine - II

1. Introduction to Technical general and Piston Engine

2. Principle of Operation

3. Newton's Laws

4. Gas Laws and Application of Combined gas law

5. Indicated Horse Power.

6. Engine Layout

7. Theoretical OTTO cycle part-1

8. Theoretical OTTO cycle part-2

9. Practical OTTO cycle part-1

10. Practical OTTO cycle part-2

11. Specific Fuel Consumption and Engine Efficiencies.

12. Compression Ratio.

13. Crankcase and Crankshaft.

14. Firing Interval and Firing Order.

15. Connecting Rod and Cylinder Barrel or Block.

16. Cylinder Head and Valves.

17. Diesel Engine- Compression Ignitio

18. The Carburetor and the accessory housing or wheel-case.

19. QnA (1 to 15).

20. QnA (16 to 27).

21. QnA (28 to 36).

22. QnA (37 to 45)

23. QnA (46 to 55).

1. Introduction to Lubrication and cooling.

2. Wet Sump Lubricating System

3. Dry Sump Lubrication (Part-1).

4. Dry Sump Lubrication (Part-2)

5. Dry Sump Lubrication (Part-3)

6. Lubrication Monitoring Instruments

7. Viscosity Grade Numbering

8. Operational Considerations

9. Cooling, Types of Cooling and Liquid Cooling

10. Air Cooling.

11. Operational Procedures.

12. QnA.

Lubrication

1. Introduction and Magneto

2. Capacitor, Ignition Switch and Magneto Checks

3. Auxiliary Starting Devices.

4. QnA

1. Types of Fuel, Manufacturing Specifications and Grades

2. Calorific Value and Volatality

3. High Volatality, Stability and Combustion Process.

4. Flame Rate

5. Variable Ignition Timing, Anti-Detonation Properties and Detonation (Knocking).

6. Effects and Causes of Detonation-

7. The recognition and prevention of detonation and th Fuel Quality Control.

8. Fuel Additives, Pre-Ignition and Thermal Efficiency.

9. QnA.

1. Introduction to Mixture, Chemically Correct Ratio and Drawbacks of Lean Mixture.

2. The Practical Mixture, Problems caused by Weak Mixtures and Overheating.

3. Slow Running and Starting, Take Off Power and Cruise Power.

4. Climbing Power and the Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge

5. QnA.

Fuel & Mixture - Piston Engine

1. Introduction

2. Basic Requirements of a Carbeuretor.

3. The Float Chamber Carburettor

4. U Tube Principle & Venturi Principle

5. Mixture Control and Priming

6. Introduction to Icing

7. Types of Icing.

8. Icing Suspection

9. Engine Consideration and Operational Procedures (Part 1)

10. Operational Procedures (Part 2)

11. Fuel Injection System and its components

12. QnA (Part 1).

13. QnA (Part 2)

14. QnA (Part 3)

Carburettor - Piston Engine

1. Introduction to performance and Power Augmentation, Superchargers and Turbochargers.

2. Centrifugal Compressors

3. Manifold Pressure, Boost Pressure and Manifold Absolute Pressure.

4. Externally Driven Superchargers (Turbo-Chargers).

5. The Waste Gate.

6. Absolute Pressure Controller and Waste Gate Position

7. Position of Waste Gate

8. Internally Driven Superchargers.

9. Supercharger Controls

10. Summary of Supercharger and Turbocharger.

11. QnA Part-1 (Q1 to Q10).

12. QnA Part-2 (Q11 to Q20)

13. QnA Part-3 (Q21 to Q30)

14. QnA Part-4 (Q31 to Q40)

15. QnA Part-5 (Q41 to Q50)

16. QnA Part-6 (Q51 to Q62).

Power Augmentation - Piston Engine

.

Piston Engine - I

Piston Engine - II

Aircraft system Introduction

1. Stresses applied to Aircraft structure

2. Combination Loading, Stress and Strain

3. DLL- Design Limit Load and DUL- Design Ultimate Load

4. Safe life

5. Fail Safe and Damage Tolerant Structure

6. Fatigue and Station Numbers

7. Fuselage Construction - 1

8. Fuselage Construction - Truss, Monocoque

9. Fuselage Construction - Semi-Monocoque

10. Flight Deck windows and Passenger Windows

11. What’s Main-Plane structure

12. Wing- 2 - Cantilever Monoplane

13. Wing- 3

14. Stabilising Surfaces and Control surface flutter

15. Question No. 1 to 10

16. Question No. 11 to 20

Fuselage, Wings & Stabilising Surfaces

1. Introduction and Pascal's Law

2. Bramah's Press

3. Equation of Work Done.

4. Hydraulic Fluids and Pipelines.

5. Seals and O rings.

6. Properties of Ideal Hydraulic Fluid

7. Basic Hydraulic System.

8. Open-Centre System

9. Closed System

10. Reservoirs.

11. Filters

12. Pumps.

13. Automatic Cut Iut Valves (ACOV).

14. Hydraulic Accumulators.

15. Hydraulic Jack (Actuators).

16. Hydraulic Locks and Motors, and Pressure Control

17. Usage of Relief Valves.

18. Flow Control, Modulators and Flow Control Valves

19. Fuses and Instrumentation.

20. QnA Part-1 (Q1 to Q11)

21. QnA Part-2 (Q12 to Q25)

22. QnA Part-3 (Q26 to Q42)

23. QnA Part-4 (Q43 to Q50)

Basic Hydraulics

1. Introduction.

2. Prevention Of Creep, Inner tubes and Inflation Valve

3. Tubeless Tyres, Wheels for tubeless tyres & Colour codings of fuseable plugs.

4. Aircraft Tyres and Tyre Pressure.

5. Creep and Correct Tyre Pressure.

6. Aquaplaning, Tyre Damage & Tyre wear

7. Aircraft Brakes.

8. Plate or Disc brakes

9. Brake Release & Break wear

10. Brake System Operation & Brake Modulating Systems

11. Mechanical and Electronic Anti-Skid Systems

12. Touch down protection, Skid prevention and Locked wheel Protection

13. Typical Aircraft Wheel Brake System and Anti-Skid Protection

14. Auto Brakes, Manual Brakes & Brake Kinetic Energy Graph

15. Brake Temperature Indicators, Wind Growth

16. QnA (Part 1)

17. QnA (Part 2).

Landing Gear

Landing Gear

.

1. Requirement of Air Conditioning

2. Requirement of Pressurisation

3. Uses of Engine Bleed- 1

4. Uses of Engine Bleed- 2- Air Conditioning

5. Engine Bleed- 3

6. Engine Bleed- 4

7. ACS- Non Pressurised flight

8. ACS- Combustion heater

9. ACS- Pressurised Flight- Cabin Supercharger

10. ACS- Engine bleed air system

11. ACS- Engine bleed- Bootstrap- 1

12. ACS- Engine bleed- Bootstrap- 2

13. ACS- Engine bleed- Brake turbine and Fan turbine

14. Water Separator and Humidifier

15. Temperature Control

16. Recirculation Fans

17. Pressurisation- Introduction

18. Pressurised Areas

19. System Controls- 1

20. System Control- 2

21. System Operation- 1

22. System Operation- 2

23. System Instrumentation

24. Questions 1 to 7

25. Questions 8 to 21

26. Questions 22 to 30

27. Questions 31 to 41

28. Questions 42 to End

Air Conditioning & Pressurisation

L1 - (Introduction)

L2 - (Types of Airframe icing)

L3 - (Effect of icing- 1)

L4 - (Effect of Icing- 2)

L5 - (Ice detection systems)

L6 - (Ice protection system)

L7 - (Beta particle Ice detection probe)

L8 - (Ice Protection system- Types)

L9 - (Mechanical De-Icing)

L10 - (Thermal Anti-Icing and De-Icing)

L11 - (Thermal Anti icing- Air heating)

L12 - (Thermal Anti icing- Electrical Heating and Fluid System)

L13 - (Windscreen Protection)

L14 - (Propeller Protection).

L15- Question Paper 1 (QnA Part-1)

L16- Question Paper 2 (QnA Part-2)

Ice & Rain Protection

1. Introduction

2. Light Detection System

3. Ionisation

4. Advantages & Disadvantages of Optical & Ionisation

5. Cargo Smoke Detection.

6. Smoke Hoods.

7. Fire Detection & Protection

8. Fire Test & Fire Warning Indication-Drills.

9. Introduction to Fire Protection.

10. Auxiliary Power Unit Protection

11. Toilet Fire System

12. Fire Extinguishant

13. Water Glycol & Dry chemical.

14. Ground Use Extinguishers, Carbon Dioxide, etc.

15. Hand Held Extinguishers.

16. Fire System and Compartments.

Zoom Session - Emergency Equipment & Aircraft Oxygen Equipment

I. Emergency Equipment (Aircraft Oxygen Equipment)

II. Emergency Equipment (Aircraft Oxygen Equipment)

1. Introduction to Aircraft Storage System and Integral tanks_1.

2. Rigid, Flexible and Vent Tanks.

3. A simple, Light Aircraft fuel system

4. Multi Engine Aircraft System.

5. Twin Engine Fuel System

6. Fuel Jettison or Dump

7. Fuel Quantity Measurement.

8. Fuel System Intrumentation.

Aircraft Fuel Systems

Aircraft System Quiz - I

Aircraft System Quiz - II

Aircraft System Quiz - III

1. Introduction

2. Forces which causes electrons to flow

3. Electro Motive Force (EMF)

4. Current.

5. Resistance and Ohm's Law

6. Power

7. Series and Parallel Circuits.

8. Circuit Protection Devices.

9. Capacitors and Capacitance.

10. Introduction to Batteries and Primary Cell.

11. Secondary Cells and Cells in Parallel & Series.

12. Lead-Acid Battery.

13. Alkaline Battery -Nickel Cadmium, Ni-Cad.

14. Introduction to Magnetism and Molecular structure.

15. Magnetic Effect of a Current and Solenoid.

16. Introduction to Aircraft Electricsl Power systems and Rectifiers

17. Battery and Bus-Bar System.

Circuit Protection and Capacitors

DC Electrics Basic Principles

Batteries

Magnetism

Test : Generators and Alternators

DC Motors

Bonding and Screening

Aircraft Electrical Power Systems

DC Electrics

Specimen Questions |

May OLODE

DGCA Sample Paper - Technical General

Quiz - 1

Quiz - 2

Quiz - 3

NOV 22 OLODE

OLODE- Feb 23

OLODE- April 2023

Septemeber 2023

OLODE- October 2023

Technical specific - Cessna 152 DGCA sample question paper Septermber 2024