CNTAA - THE PILOT GROUND SCHOOL

Direction & Wind Triangle

1. Introduction

2. Question No. 1 to 7

3. Question No. 8 to 12

4. Question No. 13 to 16

5. Question No. 17

6. Question No. 18

1. Importance of Units in aviation - Air Canada Flight 143 The Gimli Glider

2. Introduction to Units and their conversion

3. Mass & Volume Conversion

4. Length & Distance Conversion

5. Question No. 1 to 4

6. Question No. 7 to 8

7. Question No. 9

8. Question No. 10 to 11

Test 3 - Unit Conversion & 1 60 Rule and It's Applications

1. Convergency Definition

2. Properties of Convergency

3. GC Track Direction in Northern Hemisphere

4. GC Track Direction in Southern Hemisphere

5. Convergency GC Track

6. GC Convergence Angle

7. Question No. 1 to 4

8. Question No. 5 to 8

9. Question No. 9 to 12

10. Question No. 13 to 16

11. Question No. 18 to 20

12. Question No. 21 to 25

13. Question No. 26 to 28

14. Question No. 29 to 31

Test - 4 Convergency

1. INTRODUCTION

2. Classification of fuel 1

3. Classification of fuel 2

4. Maximum Strutural Take off mass (MSTOM)

5. PLTOM

6. PLTOM 2

7. PLTOM 3

8. PLTOM 4

9. RLM 1 (Regulated Landing Mass)

10. Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFW)

11. Calculation of TOM

12. Question No. 1

13. Question No. 2 to 3

14. Question No. 4

15. Question No. 5 to 7

16. Question No. 8 to 12

17. Question No. 13 to 16

Payload - Traffic Load

Payload - II

1. Introduction

2. Clip 2

3. Question No. 1 to 2

4. Question No. 3 to 4

5. Question No. 5 to 8

6. Question No. 9 to 11

Scale Factor

1. Introduction

2. Planets In Solar System

3. Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion

4. Earth's orbit & declination of sun

5. Seasons 1

6. Seasons 2

7. Seasons 3

8. Hour Angle & Greenwich Hour Angle

9. Day

10. Year

11. Sunset & Sunrise 1

12. Sunset & Sunrise 2

13. Twilight

14. Question No. 1 to 12

15. Question No. 13 to 16

1. Introduction

2. Local Mean Time

3. Local Mean Time

4. Local Mean Time

5. Local Mean Time

6. UTC

7. International date line (IDL)

8. Zone Time

9. Zone Time

10. Zone Time

11. Zone Time

12. Standard Time

13. Standard Time

14. Standard Time

15. Summer Time or Daylight Saving Time (DST)

16. Question No. 1

17. Question No. 2

18. Question No. 3 to 5

19. Question 6

20. Question No. 7 to 9

21. Question No. 10 to 11

22. Question No. 12

23. Question No. 13 to 16

24. Question No. 17 to 20

25. Question No. 21 to 23

26. Question No. 24

27. Question No. 24 to 25

28. Question No. 26 to 28

Questions

Questions

Solar System & Time

1. Topographical Charts symbols

2. Question No. 1 to 6

1. Introduction

2. Types of Projection

3. Characteristic of ideal chart

4. Perspective and Non Perspective Charts

5. Cylindrical projection

6. Mercator Projection

7. Conical Projection

8. Lambert conformal , conical projection between two standard parallel

9. Properties of Lambert Conformal Conical Projection

10. Azimuthal or Zenithal projection

11. Transverse Mercator

12. Oblique Mercator

13. Mercator Questions

14. Mercator Questions

15. Mercator Questions

16. Mercator Question

17. Bearing

18. QUJ, QTE and Relative bearing

19. VOR bearings

20. Mercator Questions

21. Lambert Questions

22. Lambert Questions

23. Lambert Questions

24. Polar stereographic Projection Questions

Mercator Chart

Lambert conformal Chart

1. Introduction

2. Equitime point

3. Equitime point

4. Critical Point

5. Properties of CP

6. Properties of CP

7. Point of no return

8. Formula & Properties

9. Sum 1 to 2

10. Question No. 1 to 4

11. Question No. 5 to 8

12. Question No. 9 to 15

13. Question No. 16 to 18

14. Question No. 19 to 21

15. Question No. 22 to 26

Quiz - CP PNR

FULL GENERAL NAVIGATION EXAM.

1. Forces Acting on Aircraft

2. Stresses & Loads on Aircraft

3. Weight Limitations

4. Longitudinal stability - stability

5. Longitudinal stability - Wing Moment

6. Longitudinal stability - Tail Plane Moment

7. Longitudinal stability -Limits of CG 1

8. Longitudinal stability -Limits of CG 2

9. Effects of CG outside Forward limit

10. Effects of CG outside AFT limit

11. Effects of Increasing airplane mass

12. Terminologies

13. CG position as percentage of MAC

14. Repositioning of CG- Movement of mass

15. Repositioning of CG- Adding or Subtracting mass

16. Question No. 1 to 5

17. Question No. 6 to 10

18. Question No. 11 to 12

19. Question No. 13 to 18

20. Question No. 19 to 21

21. Question No. 22 to 24

22. Question No. 25 to 26

23. Question No. 27 to 30

Quiz- Mass & Balance

1. Introduction

2. Definitions 1

3. Declared distances TORA, TODA, ASDA

4. Definitions 3

5. Minimum Control Speed

6. Alternate Airport

7. Definitions 6

8. Definitions 7

9. Definition 8

10. Definition 9

11. Definition 10

12. Definition 11

13. Definition 12

14. Definition 13

15. Definition 14

16. Definition 15

17. Definition 16

18. Turbo Jet

1. Take off - Field length requirement

2. Factors affecting Take off distance

3. Take off distance computation

4. Take off speed requirements

5. Climb

6. En-route and Descent

7. Landing

8. Question No. 1 to 7

9. Question No. 8 to 15

Quiz- Single Engine Class B

1. Take off

2. Take off

3. En- route and Descend - 1

4. En- route and Descend

5. Landing

6. Question No. 1 to 6

7. Question No. 7 to 17

8. Question No. 18 to 23

Quiz- Multi Engine Class B

1. Introduction

2. NOTAM - Notice to Airman

3. Aeronautical Terminal Information Service (ATIS)

4. Aeronautical Information Publication

5. Jeppesen Charts - Airports

6. Jeppesen Charts - MEA, MOCA, MAA, Distances

7. Jeppesen Charts - Grid MORA

8. Jeppesen Charts - Airspaces

9. Minimum Flight Altitude and RVSM

10. ATC Flight plan - Definitions

11. ATC Flight plan - Item 7, Item 8

12. ATC Flight plan - Item 9

13. ATC Flight plan - Item 10

14. ATC Flight plan - Item 13

15. ATC Flight plan - Item 15

16. ATC Flight plan - Item 15 - 2

17. ATC Flight plan - Item 16

18. ATC Flight plan - Item 18

19. ATC Flight plan - Item 19

20. Question No. 1 to 10

21. Question No. 11 to 17

22. Question No. 18 to 22

1. Introduction

2. Breakdown of Fuel - Taxi fuel

3. Breakdown of fuel - Trip fuel

4. Reserve Fuel - Contingency fuel

5. Reserve Fuel - Alternate fuel

6. Reserve Fuel - Final reserve fuel

7. Reserve Fuel - Additional fuel

8. Calculation of Contingency Fuel

9. Fuel Monitoring

10. In Flight Re-planning - Decision Point Procedure

11. Isolated Aerodrome Procedure

12. Question No. 1 to 5

13. Question 6 to 11

Quiz- Flight Planning & Monitoring

1. Introduction

2. Composition of Radio Waves

3. Transmission of Radio Waves

4. Properties of Radio wave

5. Wave Terminologies

6. Radio spectrum 1

7. Radio spectrum 2

8. Frequency Bands

9. Wavelength- 1

10. Wavelength- 2

11. Phase and Phase Difference - 1

12. Phase and Phase difference- 2

13. Polarisation- 1

14. Polarisation 2

15. Polar Diagram

16. Modulation

17. Keyed Modulation

18. Amplitude Modulation AM- DSB

19. Amplitude Modulation- SSB

20. Frequency Modulation FM

21. Pulse Modulation and Phase Modulation

22. Antennas

23. Questions 1

24. Questions 2

25. Questions 3

26. Questions 4

27. Questions 5

28. Questions 6

29. Questions 7

1. Introduction

2. Ionosphere

3. Ionosphere

4. Ionosphere

5. Classification of Radio Waves

6. Surface Wave Propagation

7. Surface Wave Propagation and Diffraction

8. Factors affecting Range of Surface Wave

9. Factors affecting Range of Surface Wave and Duct Propagation

10. Sky Wave Propagation

11. Sky Wave Propagation

12. Sky Wave Propagation

13. Night Effect in HF

14. MUF & OWF & Fading

15. Space wave propagation or DLOS

16. Space Wave Propagation

17. Super Refraction

18. QnA Part 1 (Q1 to Q6).

19. QnA Part 2 (Q7 to Q9)

Quiz- Basic Radio Waves

1. working of VDF

2. How to request your Bearing from ATC

3. Errors of VDF

4. Question No. 1 to 6

1. Introduction

2. Working Of ADF

3. Emission Characteristics and BFO

4. Factors affecting ADF accuracy- Sky Wave Interference

5. Factors affecting ADF Accuracy- Coastal error

6. Factors affecting ADF accuracy

7. Factors affecting ADF accuracy

8. Factors affecting NDB range

9. Types of NDB

10. Bearing - Q codes

11. Bearing - Aircraft flying away from the station

12. Bearing - Aircraft flies towards the station

13. RBI RMI indications

14. Question No. 1 to 4

15. Question No. 5 to 8

16. Question No. 9 to 12

17. Question No. 13 to 16

18. Question No. 17 to 20

19. Question No. 21 to 22

20. Question No. 23 to 26

21. Question No. 27 to 31

22. Question No. 32 to 34

23. Question No. 35

24. Question No. 36 to 40

Quiz- ADF & NDB

1. Introduction

2. VOR frequencies

3. Principle of working and identification

4. Working of VOR

5. Cone of confusion

6. Failure Warning Flag

7. Factors affecting VOR Range

8. Factors affecting VOR Accuracy

9. VOR Accuracy

10. Types of VOR

11. Types of VOR

12. VOR Airborne Equipment

13. VOR Tracking

14. VOR Tracking

15. VOR Indicator- CDI

16. Correct Sensing

17. Reverse sensing

18. HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator

19. VOR and HSI Indicator Comparison

20. Question No. 1 to 4

21. Question No. 5 to 6

22. Question No. 7 to 11

23. Question No. 12 to 17

24. Question No. 18 to 21

25. Question No. 22 to 27

26. Question No. 28 to 32

27. VOR-OBS Sums.

Quiz- VOR

1. Introduction

2. Components of ILS - Localiser

3. Components of ILS - Localiser

4. Components of ILS - Glide Slope

5. Glide slope

6. Glide Slope

7. False Glide Slope

8. Critical and Sensitive Area

9. Components of ILS - Marker beacon

10. Miscellaneous

11. Categories of ILS

12. Minimum - RVR and DA

13. Question No. 1 to 4

14. Question No. 5 to 8

15. Question No. 9 to 14

16. Question No. 15 to 19

17. Question No. 20 to 25

18. Question No. 26 to 34

Quiz- ILS

1. Introduction to Windshear

2. Microburst.

3. Windshear Encounter during Approach.

4. Indications and Actions to perform in case of Windshear.

5. Effects of Windshear.

1. Introduction

2. Principle of Working

3. Applications of Primary & Secondary Radar

4. Radar Terminologies

5. MInimum Radar Range

6. Continuous Wave Technique

7. Maximum Theoretical Range - MTR

8. MTR Formula

9. Beam Width

10. Factors affecting Radar Range

11. Factors affecting Radar Range

12. Factors affecting Radar Range

13. Question No. 1 to 4

14. Question No. 5 to 13

1. En-route Surveillance Radar

2. Terminal Approach Radar TAR

3. Precision approach Radar

4. Surface Movement Radar

5. Question No. 1 to 6

1. Radio Altimeter

Quiz- Radar Principles, Ground Radar, Radio Altimeter

1. Introduction

2. Working on SSR

3. Working on SSR

4. Working on SSR

5. TRANSPONDER CONTROL PANEL

6. TRANSPONDER SPECIAL CODES

7. Errors of SSR

8. Mode S Transponder

9. Feature of Mode S Transponder

10. Question No. 1 to 6

1. Introduction

2. Working of DME

3. Working of DME

4. Working of DME

5. DME Range

6. ILS-DME and Accuracy

7. TACAN and Miscellaneous

8. Frequency pairing

9. Question No. 1 to 7

10. Question No. 8 to 15

11. Question No. 16 to 17

12. Question No. 18 to 21

Quiz- SSR & DME

1. Introduction

2. Working of TCAS

3. TCAS 1

4. TCAS 2

5. Preventive RA

6. Corrective RA

7. Miscellaneous

8. TCAS indications on ND

9. Question No. 1 to 5

Quiz- TCAS

1. Introduction

2. Mode 1 and Mode 2

3. Mode 3 and Mode 4

4. Mode 5, 6 and 7

5. Action to be taken on receiving a GPWS Warning

6. Question No. 1 to 14

1. Introduction

2. Entries in holding pattern

3. Determination of holding entry

4. Non Standard holding pattern & ICAO holding speed and altitude

5. Question No. 1 to 2

6. Question No. 3 to 6

7. Question No. 7 to 8

1. Overview of EFIS Displays

2. Colour Display Systsem

3. EADI and EFIS Control Panel

4. EHSI and EFIS Control Panel

5. EHSI Display Mode- FULL VOR

6. Expanded VOR

7. Full ILS and Expanded ILS

8. MAP and PLAN Mode

9. Airbus EIS Displays

10. Primary Flight Display (PFD)

11. PFD- ASI tape

12. PFD- ASI Speeds

13. ND- Navigation Display

14. ND modes - Rose LS and Rose VOR

15. Rose NAV and ARC Mode

16. Plan Mode

Questions: Part I

Questions: Part II

EFIS

Full Radio Aids - 1

Full Radio Aids - 2

1. Introduction

2. ISA Atmosphere

3. Pressure lapse rate and factors affecting density of air

4. Aneroid Altimeter - Simple Altimeter

5. Sensitive Altimeter

6. Servo Assisted Altimeter

7. Sub Scale setting

8. QFE - Aerodrome Pressure

9. QNH - Mean Sea Level Pressure

10. Rate of fall of pressure in warm and cold air mass

11. QNE -Standard Pressure Setting

12. Transition altitude, Transition Level and transition layer

13. Density Altitude

14. Density Altitude Formula

15. Corrected Pressure Altitude or True Altitude

16. Radio altitude, Hydrostatic pressure and altimeter tolerance

17. Errors of altimeter - barometric error - QNH, QFE, QNE Formula

18. Barometric error - H - L - H (High to Low- Look out Below 🏔) (Warm to Cold 🥶- Dont be Bold)

19. Barometric error L -H -L

20. Drift associated with HLH & LHL in NH & SH & QFF

21. Lag Error & Instrument Error

22. Position error or pressure error

23. Temperature Error

24. Blockage error - Leakage Error

Audio -1

25. Question No. 1 to 2

Audio -2

26. Question No. 3 to 6

27. Question No. 7

28. Question No. 8 to 11

29. Question No. 12 to 16

30. Question No. 17 to 20

31. Question No. 21 to 26

32. Question No. 27 to 31

33. Question No. 32 to 34

34. Question No. 35 to 37

35. Question No. 38 to 41

36. Question No. 42 to 49

37. Question No. 50 to 53

38. Questions No. 54

39. Question No. 55 to 60

40. Question No. 61 to 74

Quiz - Altimeter

1. Working of ASI

2. Correction on IAS

3. Effect of Increase in Altitude on IAS and TAS

4. V Speeds

5. V Speeds

6. Errors of ASI

7. Errors of ASI

8. Errors of ASI

9. Errors of ASI

10. Density Error

11. Question No. 1 to 6

12. Question No. 7 to 12

Quiz- ASI

1. Introduction

2. Mach Number

3. Working of Mach Meter

4. VMO and MMO

5. Climb in normal atmosphere

6. Descend in normal atmosphere

7. Climb in Isothermal layer

8. Descend in Isothermal layer

9. Climb in inversion layer

10. Descend in Inversion layer

11. Errors of Mach Meter

12. Question No. 1 to 8

13. Question No. 9 to 13

14. Question No. 14 to 17

15. Question No. 18 to 20

16. Question No. 21 to 27

17. Question No. 28 to 34

MACH METER

Introduction

Principle of Working

Errors of VSI

IVSI

Questions

Questions

1. Air Data Computer

2. ADC

VSI & ADC

1. Introduction

2. Rigidity in Space - Gyroscopic Inertia

3. Gyroscopic Precession

4. Drift & Topple

5. Types of Gyro- 1

6. Types of Gyro- 2

7. Question No. 1 to 10

1. Introduction

2. Working of Artificial Horizon

3. Working of Artificial Horizon

4. Errors of AH

5. Question No. 1 to 10

1. Introduction

2. Working on DGI

3. Wander

4. Wander

5. Question No. 1 to 7

6. Question 8 to 12

7. Question 13 to 16

1. Principle of operation

2. Rate of turn and Radius of turn

3. Co-Ordinated turn

4. Slipping turn

5. Skidding turn

6. Question No. 1 to 4

7. Question 5 to 9

8. Question No. 10 to 16

9. Question No. 17 to 20

10. Question No. 21 to 24

11. Question No. 25 to 29

12. Question No. 30 to 34

GYROSCOPE, TSI, AH, DGI

1. Introduction

2. Aircraft Magnetism

3. Hard and Soft iron components

4. Hard Iron components

5. Coefficient B

6. Coefficient C

7. Coefficient A

8. Compass Swing

9. Direct Reading Compass

10. Properties of Direct reading compass- Horizontality

11. Aperiodicity or Dead beat oscillation

12. Sensitivity

13. Types of DRC

14. Errors of DRC- Acceleration in NH

15. Deceleration in NH

16. Acceleration in SH

17. Deceleration in SH

18. Turning error- Turning through North in NH

19. Turning error- Turning through South- NH

20. Turning error- Turning through North- SH

21. Turning error- Turning through south- SH

22. Question No. 1 to 6

23. Question No. 7 to 10

24. Question 11 to 18

25. Question No. 19 to 28

Magnetism & DRC

VAN - L1 - (Introduction)

VAN - L2 - (WDI, Landing T, Signal Panels and Area)

VAN - L3 - (Mandatory Signs)

VAN - L4 - (Location Signs)

VAN - L5 - (Mandatory Instruction and Location signs-2)

VAN - L6 - (Signs on Complex airports and Taxiways)

VAN - L7 - (Precision Instrument Runway Markings)

VAN - L8 - (Displaced Threshold)

VAN - L9 - (Stop bar lights and Runway guard lights)

VAN - L10 - (Runway Designation markings)

VAN - L11 - (Runway markings)

AN - L12 - (Taxiway Markings)

VAN - L13 - (Lights)

VAN - L14 - (ALS- Approach Lighting System)

VAN - L15 - (Runway Lights-1)

VAN - L16 - (Runway Lights 2)

VAN - L17 - (Declared Distances- TORA, ASDA, TODA, Stopway, Clearway)

VAN - L18 - (ARIWS- Autonomous Runway Incursion Warning System)

VAN - L19 - (Taxiway Lights)

\VAN - L20 - (Airport Markings)

VAN - L21 - (Airport Markings-2)

VAN - L22 - (Mandatory Instruction Signs)

VAN - L23 - (Information Signs and Mandatory Instruction markings)

VAN - L24 - (Runway Holding position markings and RFFS)

VAN - L25 - (Q 1 to 10)

VAN - L26 - (Q11 to 21)

VAN - L27 - (Q22 to Q 34)

VAN - L28 - (Q35 to 50)

Full Flight Instruments -1

Full Flight Instruments - 2

1. Introduction to GNSS

2. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

3. Position Reference System

4. GPS Segments- Space Segment

5. GPS Segments- Control Segment and User Segment

6. Principle of Operation

7. Principle of Operation- Position Determination

8. GPS Errors

9. Differential GPS

10. ABAS- Air Based Augmentation System- e.g. RAIM

11. GBAS- Ground Based Augmentation System- e.g LAAS

12. SBAS- satellite-based augmentation system- e.g. WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN

13. QnA Part 1.

14. QnA Part 2

Regular-May -2022

OLODE October 2022

DGCA Sample Paper -CPL Navigation

September 2023 (Radio Aids & Instrument)

OLODE October 2023

25th April OLODE

Nav CPL June 2024 regular attempt fc 02

November 2023

#Nav OLODE April 2024

Nav On demand 03 2024

OLODE Aug 2024

DGCA SAMPLE PAPER - September 2024

Navigation OLODE October 2024

Air Navigation- OLODE November- 2024

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Test 4

Test 5

Test 6

Test 7

Test 8

Test 9

Test 10

Test 11

Test 12

Test 13

Test 14

Regular Dec 2023

Navigation CPL - January 25, 2024